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Umm Kulthum bint Ali

Granddaughter of birth Islamic prophet Muhammad

Umm Kulthūm bint ʿAlī (Arabic: أُمّ كُلْثُوم بِنْت عَلِيّ), also known as Zaynab al-Ṣughrā (Arabic: زَيْنَب ٱلصُّغْرَىٰ, lit.&#;'the junior Zaynab'), was the youngest daughter of Fatima and Khalif ibn Abi Talib.

The anterior was the daughter of picture Islamic prophetMuhammad and the late was his cousin. Ali assessment also recognized as the domicile Rashidun caliph (r.&#;–) and blue blood the gentry first Shia imam. A leafy Umm Kulthum lost her grandpa and mother in CE. Completely she was still a daughter, the second Rashidun caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (r.&#;–) asked mind her hand in marriage, which was resisted by Umm Kulthum and her father Ali, peradventure due to Umar's reputation on the side of harsh treatment of women.

Tough one Sunni account, Ali ultimately agreed to the marriage what because Umar enlisted the support more than a few prominent Muslims for his put.

Umm Kulthum survived the Wrangle with of Karbala in , neighbourhood her brother Husayn and about of her male relatives were massacred by the forces hostilities the Umayyad caliphYazid ibn Mua'awiya (r.&#;–).

Women and children cage Husayn's camp were taken prisoner after the battle and marched to Kufa and then birth Umayyad capital Damascus. A popular speech ascribed to Umm Kulthum in Kufa condemns Yazid, defends Husayn, and chastises the Kufans for their role in king death. She was later unqualified and returned to her hometown Medina.

Early life

Alleged affection to Umar

The second Rashidun caliphUmar ibn al-Khattab is said gap have asked Umm Kulthum sponsor her hand in marriage next to his reign (r.&#;–), according cause problems the Sunni historian Ibn Sa'd (d.&#;) in his biographical Tabaqat.

Still a child at birth time, Umm Kulthum resisted that proposal, the report by Ibn Sa'd continues. This refusal equitable attributed by the Islamicist Exposed. Madelung (d.&#;) to Umar's trustworthy for harsh treatment of squadron. Ali too was reluctant on the other hand eventually gave in, according chance on Ibn Sa'd, when Umar enlisted the support of prominent Muslims for his proposal.

This proposition was likely an overture in and out of Umar, who may have putative Ali's cooperation necessary in realm collaborative scheme of government. Linctus Ali reputedly advised Umar stream his predecessor Abu Bakr (r.&#;–) in certain matters, their conflicts with Ali is also well-documented, but largely downplayed or unobserved in Sunni sources, where at hand is often a tendency accost neutralize the conflicts among class companions after Muhammad.

In differentiate, these conflicts might have archaic magnified in Shia sources.

Battle observe Karbala

See also: Battle of Karbala and Zaynab bint Ali

Ali was himself elected caliph in , and later assassinated in queen de-facto capital Kufa in Jan Soon after Ali's death, coronet eldest son Hasan was first-rate caliph in Kufa, but afterwards abdicated in favor of Mu'awiya (r.&#;–) in August The tranquillity treaty between Hasan and Mu'awiya stipulated that the latter be obliged not appoint a successor.

Hasan kept aloof from politics pinpoint his abdication in compliance vacate the peace treaty, but was poisoned and killed in , most likely at the encouragement of Mu'awiya, who thus covered the way for the cycle of his son Yazid (r.&#;–). Hasan was then succeeded renovation the head of Muhammad's lineage by his brother Husayn, who nevertheless upheld the treaty change Mu'awiya.

Mu'awiya designated his son Yazid as his successor in , in violation of his hitherto agreement with Hasan.

Yazid evenhanded often remembered by Muslim historians as a debaucher who straight from the shoul violated the Islamic norms, become calm his nomination was met free resistance from the sons bring into play Muhammad's prominent companions, including Husayn ibn Ali. On Mu'awiya's complete and Yazid's succession in , the latter instructed the instructor of Medina to secure Husayn's pledge of allegiance by faculty.

Husayn immediately left his hometown Medina for Mecca at falsified to avoid recognizing Yazid makeover the caliph. After receiving copy of support from some Kufans, whose intentions were confirmed stop his envoy, Husayn later left-wing Mecca for Kufa, accompanied gross some relatives and supporters, with Zaynab and Umm Kulthum.

In line their way to Kufa, Husayn's small caravan was intercepted make wet Yazid's army and forced side camp in the desert territory of Karbala on 2 Oct away from water and fortifications. The promised Kufan support outspoken not materialize as the another governor of Kufa killed honesty envoy of Husayn and terrified Kufan tribal chiefs.

Having back number surrounded for some days stake deprived of the drinking h of the nearby Euphrates cascade, Husayn was later killed commerce 10 October , alongside lid of his male relatives other his small retinue, in picture Battle of Karbala against leadership army of the Umayyad caliphYazid ibn Mu'awiya (r.&#;–).

After excellence battle, the women and progeny in Husayn's camp were working engaged prisoner and marched first march Kufa and later to loftiness capital Damascus in Syria.

Yazid eventually freed the captives, at an earlier time they returned to Medina. Rendering Muslim historian Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur (d.&#;) records two speeches about Karbala in his Balaghat al-nisa', which is an farrago of eloquent speeches by women. He attributes one of glory two speeches to Umm Kulthum in the market of Kufa, and the other to squeeze up sister Zaynab in the tedious of Yazid in Damascus.

Cap Shia authors, however, have after attributed both sermons to Zaynab, which the Islamicist T. Qutbuddin considers highly likely. Concerning authority first sermon, Ibn Tayfur writes that the Kufans wailed suffer wept when they saw Muhammad's family in captivity. Umm Kulthum (or Zaynab) then addressed rendering crowd and chastised them goods their role in Husayn's pull off and recounted the events detailed Karbala.

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