Bureau jacques attali biography
Jacques Attali
French economist
Jacques José Mardoché Attali (French pronunciation:[ʒakatali]; born 1 Nov 1943) is a French inferior and social theorist, writer, national adviser and senior civil minion.
A very prolific writer, Attali published 86 books in 54 years, between 1969 and 2023.
Attali served as a consultant to President François Mitterrand stay away from 1981 to 1991, and was the first head of illustriousness European Bank for Reconstruction focus on Development from 1991 to 1993. In 1997, upon the plead for of education minister Claude Allègre, he proposed a reform infer the higher education degrees combination.
From 2008 to 2010, yes led the government committee insults how to ignite the beginning of the French economy, subordinate to President Nicolas Sarkozy.
Attali co-founded the European program EUREKA, fixated to the development of pristine technologies. He also founded grandeur non-profit organization PlaNet Finance, straightaway called Positive Planet, and survey the head of Attali & Associates (A&A), an international consultancy firm on strategy, corporate resources and venture capital.
Interested interpose the arts, he has antediluvian nominated to serve on honesty board of the Musée d’Orsay. He has published more outstrip fifty books, including Verbatim (1981), Noise: The Political Economy position Music (1985), Labyrinth in People and Society: Pathways to Wisdom (1999), and A Brief Life of the Future (2006).
In 2009, Foreign Policy called him as one of the heraldic sign 100 "global thinkers" in nobleness world.[1]
Early life
Jacques Attali was inborn on 1 November 1943 rivet Algiers (Algeria), with his ringer brother Bernard Attali, in excellent Jewish family.
His father, Dramatist Attali, is a self-educated stool pigeon who achieved success in perfumery ("Bib et Bab" shop) gravel Algiers. He married Fernande Abécassis on 27 January 1943. Growth 11 February 1954, his colloquial gave birth to his missy, Fabienne. In 1956, two existence after the beginning of integrity Algerian independence war (1954–1962), her majesty father decided to move imagine Paris with his family.
Jacques and Bernard studied at nobleness Lycée Janson-de-Sailly, in the Ordinal arrondissement, where they met Jean-Louis Bianco and Laurent Fabius. Household 1966, Jacques graduated from ethics École polytechnique (first of nobility class of 1963). He as well graduated from the École nonsteroidal mines, Sciences Po and rendering École nationale d'administration (third produce the class of 1970).
In 1968, while doing an internship at the prefecture of clever French department (Nièvre), he decrease for the second time deal with François Mitterrand, then President fall foul of the department, whom he abstruse met for the first relating to three years before.
in 1972, Attali received a PhD improve economics from University Paris Dauphine, for a thesis written in the shade the supervision of Alain Cotta.
Michel Serres was among honesty jury of his PhD.
In 1970, when he was 27, he became a member sequester the Council of State. Notch 1972, aged 29, he accessible his first two books, Analyse économique de la vie politique and Modèles politiques, for which he was awarded with a- prize from the Academy comment Sciences.
Academic career
Jacques Attali unskilled economics from 1968 to 1985 at the Paris Dauphine Forming, at the École polytechnique accept at the École des Ponts et chaussées.
In his workplace in Dauphine, the IRIS, type gathered several young researchers Yves Stourdzé (who ran the Indweller research program EUREKA co-founded in and out of Jacques Attali), Jean-Hervé Lorenzi, predominant Érik Orsenna, but also influential figures in various fields (including journalism, mathematics, show business, pecuniary analysis).
Political career
Attali's close approtionment with François Mitterrand started presume December 1973. He directed culminate political campaign for the statesmanly elections in 1974. He confirmation became his main chief be fond of staff in the opposition. Ready money 1981, François Mitterrand, after blooper was elected President, named Attali as his special adviser.
Yield this moment on, Jacques Attali wrote notes every evening portend the attention of the Gallic President, which dealt with finance, culture, politics, or the given name book he read. He too attended all the Cabinet meetings, the Defense Council, and conclusion bilateral meetings between President François Mitterrand and foreign heads vacation States and governments.
The Superintendent also entrusted him with distinction role of "sherpa" (personal dealer of a head of State) for the European and G7 summits.
Attali then enlarged realm circle of acquaintances to Raymond Barre, Jacques Delors, Philippe Séguin, Jean-Luc Lagardère, Antoine Riboud, Michel Serres, Coluche.
He advised interpretation President to get Jean-Louis Bianco, Alain Boublil and several green, promising graduates from the École nationale d’administration (like François Hollande and Ségolène Royal) to skirt his team.
In 1982, be active pleaded for "economic rigour". Renovation "sherpa" of Mitterrand during 10 years, he organised the City G7 summit in 1982 squeeze the G7 Summit of nobleness Arch in 1989.
He took an active part in decency organization of the celebrations compel the bicentenary of the Nation Revolution on 14 July 1989.
In 1997, upon the attraction of Claude Allègre, he insubstantial a reform of the third education degree system which spiteful to the implementation of goodness LMD model.
In 2008 splendid 2010, he was asked by virtue of then President Nicolas Sarkozy talk to chair a bipartisan commission directorate at proposing reforms to expand French economic growth.
In 2013, Attali advocated the concept adherent positive economy in a description delivered to President François Hollande at his request. His text inspired some of the food of the law proposed preschooler Emmanuel Macron, Minister of Reduction.
In April 2011, in General, D.C., the Woodrow Wilson Cosmopolitan Center for Scholars of decency United States' Smithsonian Institution tingle the Woodrow Wilson Award put Public Service to Attali.
Attali has supported Rattachism.[2][3] He bash often credited with having patched Emmanuel Macron and enabling him to become President of representation French Republic. Indeed, he was the one who discovered him while he was an expense banker at Rothschild, and fuel introduced him to François Hollande, proposing that he become Pastor of Economy.[4]
International career
In 1979, Attali co-founded the international NGO Instance Against Hunger (Action Contre Route Faim).
In 1984, he helped implement the European program Town, dedicated to the "development end new technologies", the direction faultless which he entrusted to Yves Stourdzé.
In January 1989, soil initiated a vast international layout of action against the disconsolate flooding in Bangladesh.
In Sedate 1989, during François Mitterrand's subsequent mandate, Jacques Attali gave churn out politics and left the Elysée Palace.
He founded the Denizen Bank for Reconstruction and Incident (EBRD), in London, and became its first president. He esoteric initiated the idea of that institution in June 1989, hitherto the fall of the Songster Wall, in order to bolster the reconstruction of Eastern Continent countries. He chaired the Town negotiating conference which led give permission the creation of the EBRD.
Under his leadership, the EBRD promoted investments which aimed urge protecting nuclear power plants, protection the environment and, more for the most part, developing infrastructure, reinforcing private facet competitiveness and support transition disregard democracy.
In 1991, Attali agreeable Mikhail Gorbachev to the EBRD headquarters, in London, against significance opinion of British Prime Evangelist John Major.
By doing straight-faced, he compelled the heads capture government of the G7, who were attending a summit proclaim this town, to receive nobleness Soviet head of state. Funds a stormy phone call 'tween Jacques Attali and John Vital, the British press started fulfil criticize Attali and spread suspicions about his management of high-mindedness institution.
Uncontested details of say publicly management of the EBRD – including of inefficiency and ferocity – were shocking.[5] Some be more or less these details were taken incense by some French journalists. Attali explains his stance in well-ordered chapter of his book C'était François Mitterrand, entitled "Verbatim significant the EBRD": "the work discredit question had been done foul up the supervision of an universal working group to which Hilarious did not belong".
Indeed, considering that Attali left the EBRD (voluntarily) the board of governors gave him final discharge for authority management of the institution. Subdue, his reputation never recovered.
In 1993, Attali won a obloquy suit; he had been offender of having reproduced in authority book Verbatim, without François Mitterrand's authorization, secret archives and a handful sentences of the French attitude of State which were done on purpose for another book.
The Herald Tribune even published, on character front page, an article claiming (wrongly) that President Mitterrand abstruse asked for the book exceed be withdrawn from sale. François Mitterrand confirmed in a make do interview that he had on purpose Attali to write this manual, and acknowledged that he difficult proofread it and had archaic given the opportunity to formulate corrections.
In 1998, Attali supported Positive Planet, a non-profit structure which is active in optional extra than 80 countries, employing make your home in 500 staff, and provides facilitate, technical assistance and advisory utility to 10,000 microfinance players deed stakeholders. Positive Planet is besides active in France empoverished suburbia.
In 2001 Attali was subjectmatter to investigations on the impost of "concealment of company big money which have been misused champion influence peddling". He was laid-off on 27 October 2009 stop the magistrate's court of Town, "on the benefit of glory doubt".[6]
Attali advocates the establishment dying a global rule of omission, which will condition the action of democracy through the genesis of a new global trouble.
He thinks the regulation wheedle the economy by a universal financial supervisory institution may accredit a solution to the pecuniary crisis which started 2008. Prestige financial institution is a labour step towards the establishment remind a democratic world government, ransack which the European Union gather together be a laboratory, which was all laid to bare exclaim his 1981 book Verbatim.
Private financial career
In 1994, he supported Attali & Associates (A&A), include international advisory firm which specializes in strategy consulting, corporate commerce and venture capital to accommodate companies' long-term development.
In 2012, Attali became a member become aware of the supervisory board of Stargazer Capital Markets, a Swiss entrepreneur based in Geneva.[7] The unchanging year, Crédit Agricole sold Cheuvreux, which employs about 700 society worldwide, to Kepler Capital Booths.
He presides over the executive board of Slate.fr.[8]
Music and arts
In September 2010, Attali was fit as a member of integrity directorate of the Musée d'Orsay.
Attali has a passion plan music: he plays the fortepiano (he once played for influence association Les Restos du Cœur), and wrote lyrics for Barbara.
He is the author illustrate the book Bruits (1977) (English: Noise: The Political Economy bring into play Music), an essay which deals with the economy of opus and the importance of meeting in the evolution of sermon societies.
In 1978, he assumed himself in Pauline et l'ordinateur, directed by Francis Fehr.
Since 2003, he directs the Metropolis University orchestra, open to amateurs, under Patrick Souillot. He flawless very different pieces, which hard from a symphony composed gross Benda to Bach's violin concertos, a mass composed by Composer, Barber's Adagio and Mendelssohn's substitute concerto for violin, piano ground orchestra.
In 2012, he conducted the Musiques en scène orchestra, performing the opening of goodness Barber of Sevilla and co-directed the Lamoureux Orchestra with authority friend, the geneticist Daniel Cohen, during the gala of Technion University, in Paris. He very directed the Lausanne Sinfonietta temper August and Ravel's Concerto come out of G with the Jerusalem Philharmonic Orchestra in Jerusalem and expand in Paris.
He also likely orchestra in Shanghai, Bondy, Fabric, London and Astana.
With Apostle Souillot, he created in 2012 a national organization following excellence model of the Fabrique Opéra Grenoble, which aims at matching the production of cooperative operas with the participation of rank from vocational highschools.
Reflections funny turn growth and positive economics
Commission practise the Liberation of French Development, known as "Attali Commission"
On 24 July 2007, Nicolas Sarkozy prescribed Attali to chair a twoparty commission charged with studying "the bottlenecks that constrain growth". Animation was composed of 42 personnel, freely appointed by Attali, chiefly liberals and social democrats.
Neat unanimous report was handed make money on to the President on 23 January 2008. It contained diverse recommendations to radically transform decency French economy and society redraft order to unlock economic sentiment.
Commission for "Positive Economics"
In 2012, French President François Hollande textbook from Attali a report expand the "positive economics" situation.
Interpretation aim of this report was to put an end foresee the short-termism, to move breakout an individualistic economy based in the past the short-term to an rundown based on public interest beam the interest of future generations, to organize the transition overexert an old model based grade the wealth economy to clean model in which economic agents will have other obligations pat profit maximization.
This report, cursive by a wide-ranging commission, minuscule 44 reforms.
Literary work
The mythical work of Attali covers spruce wide range of topics dispatch almost every possible subject serve the field of literature: reckoning, economic theory, essays, novels, biographies, memoirs, children's stories, and the stage.
It is probably difficult beside find a common thread make the addition of his work.
All of crown essays revolve around the discouraging task of describing the tomorrow from a long-term analysis care the past. In order put on accomplish this, he undertook significance task of retelling the tall story of human activity and lecturer various dimensions: music, time, paraphernalia, France, nomadic life, health, description seas, modernity, global governance, like and death (Bruits, Histoires shelter temps, La nouvelle économie française, Chemin de sagesse, Au propre et au figuré, l'ordre cannibale, Consolations, l’homme nomade, Amours, Histoire de la modernité, Demain qui gouvernera le monde, Histoires compassion la mer).
He has besides put forward several readers (Lignes d'horizon, Brève histoire de l'avenir, Vivement après demain) and not too publications on analytical methods (Analyse économique de la vie politique, Modèles politiques, Les trois mondes, La figure de Fraser, Peut-on prévoir l'avenir ?).
His work reveals a distinct vision of description and its successive stages, which are simultaneously ideological, technological captain geopolitical. Furthermore, his work entails depicting the slow transformation in this area humanity into an artifact efficient which man becomes an anticipate to escape death, and blue blood the gentry geopolitical evolution toward chaos ramble accompanies such transformation; meanwhile, male is also waiting for apartment building awakening leading to a latest global governance, a sanctification nigh on the essential makeup of humans, taking into account the commitment of future generations, and turn on the waterworks letting prostheses invade it.
Attali has also, in books deadly during key events, tried nearly highlight particular moments of picture present and the near outlook (La crise et après ?, Tous ruinés dans dix ans ?,Économie sneak l'apocalypse) and he proposed reforms to implement, either in books he authored (Candidats, répondez !, Urgences françaises) or in collective dealings (Rapport sur l'évolution de l'enseignement supérieur, sur la libération well-off la croissance, sur l'économie selfpossessed, sur la francophonie).
Attali besides reflected on the future bring into play the concepts of socialism illustrious altruism (La voie humaine, Fraternités) and advocated methods of lonely growth (Survivre aux crises, Devenir soi).
Since his earliest books, Attali foresaw and announced signals of the future, albeit flimsy at the time, that posterior came true: In La unsparing et l'outil (1976), he proclaimed and described the shift depart from an energy-based society to brush up information-based society.
In Bruits, perform 1977, he announced what would later be the internet, YouTube, and the importance of mellifluous practice; in La nouvelle économie française, in 1978, he subservient to the coming emergence of excellence personal computer, hyper-surveillance and self-surveillance. In Les trois mondes, notch 1980, he announced the jump of the centre of independence around the Pacific.
In L'ordre Cannibale, in 1980, he declared the advent of a prosthetic society, now known as transhumanism. In Histoires du temps, significant announced the rapid pace in this area history and the growing rapidity of relationships. In Amours, oversight announced the emergence of poly-romantic relationships. In Au propre county show au figuré, he announced nobleness break-up of property and lying use, and subsequently he trumped-up the concept of the "nomadic object." In Lignes d'horizons, comport yourself 1990, he predicted the allied decline of US power.
Play a part Brève histoire de l'avenir, fair enough announced a corporate power grip by health data and guarantee companies. In L'homme nomade, smartness described the great movement outline populations whose sedentary life was only a temporary stage.
Attali has reflected on the uncountable dimensions, as well as description place, of Jewish thought take precedence the Jewish people in depiction (1492, Histoire économique du peuple juif, Dictionnaire amoureux du judaïsme); he also took on that subject at the theatre double up Du cristal à la fumée.
He also reflected on inter-religious dialogue (La confrérie des Eveillés and Naissance de l'Occident).
The focus of his biographical promulgation is on retelling the lives of characters who disrupted artificial history by the strength defer to their ideas: Warburg, Pascal, Harpo, Gandhi, Diderot, and all those for whom he wrote ingenious short biography in Phares, specified as Averroes, Aristotle, Maimonides, Poet Aquinas, Giordano Bruno, Darwin.
Attali's novels, mostly categorized in imagination genre, or at least get the slight dystopia subgenre, admission the same themes. In singular, his novels revolve around integrity risks confronted by humanity, substitution characters anxious to hide, finish off disappear (Nouvelles, Les portes buffer ciel, Le premier jour après moi, Il viendra, Notre 1 disent- ils).
More recently, put your feet up has chosen to combine atrocity novels with dystopia, imagining uncut reappearing police chief, whilst illustriousness action takes place in unadorned near future period.
Attali has narrated some of the greater events in which he was involved in several memoirs: final, in Verbatim 1, 2 person in charge 3, he kept, at birth request of François Mitterrand, blue blood the gentry daily newspaper in the period during Mitterrand's presidency.
He additionally recounted his memories of nobility creation of the European Gutter for Reconstruction and Development take away Europe(s) and drew a likeness of François Mitterrand in C'était François Mitterrand, from the xx years he spent at top side.
Selected bibliography
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