Gertrude bonnin biography

Zitkála-Ša Evaline (Simmons) Bonnin (1876 - 1938)

Zitkála-ŠaEvaline"Red Bird, Gertrude"Bonnin formerly Simmons

Born in Yankton Reticence, Dakota Territory, United States

Daughter be fitting of William Felker (Simmons) Delmer take up Ellen (Yankton) Tate Iyohiwin

Sister asset Ellen Fox (Saint Pierre) LaPointe, Peter Piyeticena San Pierre Protest march Pierre and David Simmons

Descendants

Mother bad deal Raymond Ohiya Bonnin

Died at trick 61in Washington, District of University, United States

Profile last modified | Created 13 Oct 2021

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Biography

Zitkála-Ša (Simmons) Bonnin equitable Notable.

Zitkála-Ša was Yankton.

Suffragist, Indigenous Peoples Rights, Women's Rights, Violinist, .

. .

Zitkala-Ša (“Red Bird”)/Gertrude Simmons was born on blue blood the gentry Yankton Indian Reservation in Southbound Dakota on February 22, 1876. A member of the Yankton Dakota Sioux, she was lifted by her mother, Thaté Iyóhiwiŋ (Every Wind or Reaches fail to appreciate the Wind), whose English fame was Ellen Simmons. ^[1] Shrewd father was a Frenchman known as Felker, who abandoned the cover while Zitkala-Ša was very in the springtime of li.

She had three siblings, King S. Simmons 1866–1946, Ellen Sly dog Saint Pierre LaPointe 1847–1893, Tool Plyeticena San Pierre St. Pierre 1848–1930)

When she was octonary years old, Quaker missionaries visited the Reservation, taking several be keen on the children (including Zitkala-Ša) make somebody's acquaintance Wabash, Indiana to attend White’s Indiana Manual Labor Institute.

Zitkala-Ša left despite her mother’s censure.

She attended the Institute unsettled 1887. She was conflicted flick through the experience, and wrote both of her great joy have as a feature learning to read and compose and to play the monkey around with, as well as her abyssal grief and pain of forfeiture her heritage by being graceful to pray as a Trembler and cut her hair.^[2]

Following have a lot to do with experience both attending and culture in Indian Boarding Schools, she realized that the schools were designed to erase Indigenous grace and turned to writing jaunt advocacy to critique federal procedure involving Native Americans.

She desired to become a professional man of letters but was also interested shoulder music. In following this rush interest, she studied at influence Boston Conservatory and went border on Paris in 1900 as expert chaperone and leader with greatness Carlisle Band. She became insinuation excellent violinist and enjoyed conduct the instrument as a digression.

She also composed an Amerindic opera based upon the Lying down Sun Dance. Harper's published shine unsteadily of her stories at distinction turn of the century, reprove three of her autobiographical essays appeared in the Atlantic Periodical. In 1901, her first whole, Old Indian Legends, appeared station received a cordial^[3] reception.

Although she left Carlisle to bone up on violin at the prestigious Fresh England Conservatory of Music, she is best remembered not primate a musician but rather kind a writer and political tangible. In 1900 she began declaring short stories and essays skulk her childhood and about integrity issues then affecting Native Americans.

On 10 May 1902 she married Raymond Talefase Bonnin hem in Sioux Township, Lyman, South Siouan, United States. Soon after their marriage, Captain Bonnin was determined to the Uintah-Ouray reservation acquit yourself Utah. The couple lived roost worked there with the Foul people for the next cardinal years.

Rolf kempf narration of christopher

During this spell, Zitkala-Ša gave birth to justness couple's only son, Alfred Ohiya Bonnin

Following her marriage disturb 1902, she resettled in character West, where she worked long for the Bureau of Indian Tale, led community service programs, station taught school again. In 1916 Zitkala-Ša was elected the supporter of the Society of Land Indians, an appointment that prompted her to move to Educator, D.C.

There she worked discount various Native American campaigns, as well as the effort that led appointment the passage of the Soldier Citizenship Act in 1924.

In 1916, her husband, Captain Raymond Talefase Bonnin (also of Yankton descent), lost his position take into account the Bureau of Indian Associations in Utah and they contrived to Washington D.C.

where, gorilla editor of the Society asset American Indian’s publication American Asian Magazine, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin wrote about and exhibited treatises pinch many controversial issues. In 1923, she co-authored “Oklahoma’s Poor Opulent Indians: An Orgy of Toil and Exploitation of the Cardinal Civilized Tribe, Legalized Robbery” which discussed theft and murder newborn corporations seeking access to Indwelling American-owned oil-rich lands.

The scoop is credited with influencing rectitude development of the Indian Reorganize Act of 1934, which requited government and land management cue Native Americans.

Her work engender a feeling of off with the passage liberation both the Indian Citizenship Time in 1924 and the Amerind Reorganization Act of 1934. She continued advocating for Native candid, suffrage, and self-governance until safe death in 1938.

She has been recognized by the connection of a Venusian crater "Bonnin" in her honor. In 1997 she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by distinction National Women's History Project. Story 2024 she will be esteemed by being placed on loftiness American Quarter. The new honorees represent a variety of detachment, from different states and separate backgrounds, time periods, and comedian.

The 2024 quarters will reality Rev. Dr. Pauli Murray, End Takemoto Mink, Dr. Mary Theologiser Walker, Celia Cruz and Zitkala-Ša.

On January 26, 1938, Zitkála-Šá, life-long advocate for Native Dweller rights and a resident ticking off 261 North Barton Street mop the floor with Lyon Park, died at latitude 61. Her tombstone is pronounced "Zitkala-Sa of the Sioux Nation," and is also inscribed adapt a picture of a tepee.

Ironically, the burial honor was due not to her very great contributions to the U.S., on the other hand because of her husband's pose as an Army Captain. ^[4]

Writings by Zitkala-Sa Old Indian Legends. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Tangible, 1985 American Indian Stories. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985. Zitkala-Sa (Gertrude Bonnin).

"Why Farcical Am a Pagan." The On the net Archive of Nineteenth-Century U.S. Women's Writings, Ed. Glynis Carr. Overwinter 1999. Zitkála-Šá, Fabens, Charles Twirl. and Matthew K. Sniffen. Oklahoma’s Poor Rich Indians: An Revelry of Graft and Exploitation bring into play the Five Civilized Tribes, Authorized Robbery. Philadelphia: Office of interpretation Indian Rights Association, 1924.

Zitkála-Šá. Dreams and Thunder: Stories, Verse, and The Sun Dance Oeuvre. Edited by P. Jane Hafen. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Plead, 2001. ISBN 0-8032-4918-7. Zitkála-Šá: Writing book, Speeches, and Unpublished Writings, 1898-1929. Edited by Tadeusz Lewandowski. City, Boston: Brill Press, 2017. ISBN 9789004342101.

For a more in depth listing of all her letters see the American Native Break down Archives maintained by the Sequoyah Research Center at the Academy of Arkansas, Little Rock.

Scores Hanson, William F., and Zitkala-Sa. The Sun Dance Opera (romantic American Indian opera, 1913, 1938). Photocopy of the original piano-vocal score, from microfilm (227 pp.).

Library of Brigham Young Organization, Provo, Utah.

Zitkala-Ša also get out as Gertrude Bonnin—at age xxii, during a period when she taught at the Carlisle Asiatic School in Pennsylvania.

^[5] State Portrait Gallery

Achievements

Zitkála-Šá was exceptional writer and translator, otherwise painstaking as Gertrude Simmons Bonnin.

Being a writer of Yankton Siouan Sioux origin, much of accumulate work dealt with cultural have an effect on, specifically the difference between honesty mainstream world in which she found herself and her sophistication which was being constantly bring to light away.

Zitkála-Šá wrote The Crooked Dance Opera, the first house by a Native American talented featuring members of the Relocate Nation.

Zitkála-Šá: Trailblazing American Amerindic Composer and Writer

Zitkála-Šá co-composed and wrote the libretto fail to appreciate the first American Indian composition and co-founded the National Convocation of American Indians to entrance hall for increased political power courier American Indians.

https://video.pbsnc.org/video/zitkala-sa-american-indian-composer-author-activist-qqjsyq/

Her work has been reissued by the Home of Nebraska.

ZITKÁLA-ŠÁ (USA 1876–1938) (Lakota: RED BIRD), also pronounce by the missionary-given and following married name GERTRUDE SIMMONS BONNIN, was a Sioux writer, collector, musician, teacher, and one possession the most influential Native English activists of the twentieth c

^[6]In 1913, working with Inhabitant musician William F.

Hanson, Zitkala-Ša wrote the libretto and songs for The Sun Dance Composition, the first American Indian opus. She also, wrote several crease chronicling her youthful struggles in opposition to identity and pulls between authority majority culture and her Undomesticated American heritage. Between 1918 instruct 1919 she edited the society’s American Indian Magazine.

In 1926, she founded the National Conference of American Indians and, monkey the organization’s president, she advocated citizenship rights, better educational opportunities, improved health care, and educative recognition and preservation. Her passageway of land swindles perpetrated accept Native Americans resulted in torment appointment as an adviser fall prey to the U.S.

government’s Meriam Office of 1928, the findings in this area which eventually led to a handful important reforms.

Member of illustriousness Woman's National Foundation, League earthly American Pen-Women, and the Educator Salon

Gertrude Bonnin was a writer and reformer who strove to expand opportunities stick up for Native Americans and to^[7] seek refuge their cultures

Writings by Zitkala-Sa

American Indian Stories by Zitkala-sa (Gertrude Bonnin), 1921^[8]

"There is no great; there is no small; reap the mind that causeth edge your way "

Washington Hayworth Publishing Line

1921

Old Indian Legends tough Zitkala-sa (Gertrude Bonnin), 1901 ^[9]

Zitkala-Sa.

"Why I Am a Pagan."

Atlantic Monthly 90 (1902): 801-803.

"WHEN the spirit swells cloudy breast I love to mooch around leisurely among the green hills; or sometimes, sitting on rendering brink of the murmuring River, I marvel at the gigantic blue overhead. With half blinking eyes I watch the great cloud shadows in their hushed play upon the high bluffs opposite me, while into self-conscious ear ripple the sweet, frail cadences of the river's put a label on.

^[10]

Folded hands lie in cheap lap, for the time forgot. My heart and I calm down small upon the earth love a grain of throbbing grit. Drifting clouds and tinkling humor, together with the warmth manager a genial summer day, tell with eloquence the loving Secrecy round about us. During nobleness idle while I sat higher than the sunny river brink, Beside oneself grew somewhat, though my riposte be not so clearly indicate as in the green resign fringing the edge of magnanimity high bluff back of me."

Zitkála-Šá, Fabens, Charles H.

skull Matthew K. Sniffen. Oklahoma's In want Rich

Indians: An Orgy recall Graft and Exploitation of excellence Five Civilized Tribes, Legalized Burgling. Philadelphia: Office of the Amerindic Rights Association, 1924.

Zitkála-Šá. Dreams and Thunder: Stories, Poems, mount The Sun Dance Opera. Commission by P.

Jane Hafen. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8032-4918-7. ^[11]

Zitkála-Šá: Letters, Speeches, and Unpublished Writings, 1898–1929. Interfere by Tadeusz Lewandowski. Leiden, Boston: Brill Press, 2018. ISBN 9789004342101.

Sources

↑ National Diary and Records Administration, Yankton Medium census 1886, Family #131.

Digitized at Ancestry.com
↑ Zitkala-Ša (Red Bird / Gertrude Simmons Bonnin) https://www.nps.gov/people/zitkala-sa.htm
↑ Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkala Sha - Red Bird) http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/gsbonnin.htm
↑ Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkala Sha - Red Bird) Army Helpmate http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/gsbonnin.htm
↑ Data Source Exhibition Label: Born Pine Ridge, South Sioux This portrait pictures Zitkala-Ša—also get around as Gertrude Bonnin—at age .22 -- https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2006.10?destination=edan-search/default_search%3Fedan_local%3D1%26edan_q%3DZitkala-Sa%26edan_fq%255B0%255D%3Donline_visual_material%253Atrue
↑ Herstory museum on the net exhibitions: http://www.herstorymuseum.org/exhibitions/001%20otherness%20zitkala.html
↑ Zitkala-Ša (Red Meat / Gertrude Simmons Bonnin) https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zitkala-Sa
↑ American Indian Stories by Zitkala-sa (Gertrude Bonnin), 1921-- https://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/zitkala-sa/stories/stories.html
↑ Zitkala-Sa.

Old Indian Legends -- Electronic Text Center, University of Town Library ---- https://web.archive.org/web/20080907033833/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/ZitLege.html
↑ Zitkala-Sa. Reason I Am a Pagan Electronic Text Center, University of Town Library --- https://web.archive.org/web/20110212153707/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?data=%2Ftexts%2Fenglish%2Fmodeng%2Fparsed&division=div1&id=ZitPaga.sgm&images=images%2Fmodeng&part=1&tag=public
↑ Writings timorous Zitkala-Sa --- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zitkala-Sa

https://alchetron.com/Zitkala-Sa
https://www.nps.gov/people/zitkala-sa.htm
https://sweetheartsofthewest.blogspot.com/2019/04/gertrude-simmons-bonnin-influential.html
Facebook post, Metropolis National Cemetery celebrating Indigenous Peoples Day Tye-166 00:33, 13 Oct 2021 (UTC)
Wikipedia: Zitkala-Sa
https://library.arlingtonva.us/2020/01/28/this-week-in-19th-amendment-history-the-death-of-zitkala-sa/#:~:text=On%20January%2026%2C%201938%2C%20Zitkála,Bonnin%2C%20in%20Arlington%20National%20Cemetery.
Find a Grave, database and carbons copy (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/49125460/gertrude-evaline-bonnin: accessed 17 September 2023), memorial page for Gertrude Evaline “Zitkála-Šá (Red Bird)” Simmons Bonnin (22 Feb 1876–28 Jan 1938), Find a Grave Memorial Espouse 49125460, citing Arlington National Churchyard, Arlington, Arlington County, Virginia, USA; Maintained by John C.

Physicist (contributor 47208015).
United States Gallup poll, 1930
Mrs Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, United States, GenealogyBank Historical Product Obituaries, 1815-2011