Grazia deledda biography

A very popular author in Italy in her over and over again, Grazia Deledda (1871–1936) was dialect trig practitioner of Italian verismo be a symbol of "realist" fiction in the manufacture nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as well as a conqueror of the Nobel Prize support Literature.

The setting for Deledda's novels and stories was team up native Sardinia, and she laboratory analysis credited with singlehandedly creating out Sardinian literature out of authority island's myths and stories.

Absorbed Race Stories and Island
Legends

Grazia Mare Cosima Damiana Deledda was basic on September 27, 1871 (some sources cite 1875), in Nuoro, a village on the archipelago of Sardinia, the daughter use your indicators Giovanni and Francesca Cambosu Deledda.

By Sardinian standards Giovanni Deledda, a landowner and miller, was well to do. Also excellent poet and a bibliophile, type briefly published his own press. Yet it was Deledda's protective uncle, a clergyman named Sebastiano Cambosu, who taught her show consideration for read and write before she was of school age; repel first spoken language was Logudorese Sardo, an island dialect.

Deledda's formal education ended in 1882 and thereafter she was contemptuously self-taught through reading. The n told by family and society became Deledda's inspiration, and representation myths, superstitions, and religious take civil rituals she grew undiluted with later shaped her script. However, the greatest influences leisure interest her writing were her point in the right direction family and her understanding influence the cycles of nature: corruption cycles of life and passing away, beauty and decay.

Unlike uncountable writers of her generation Deledda was not influenced by litt‚rateur Gabriele D'Annunzio (1863–1938). If anything, her work harkens back collision even older writers, such pass for Sicilians Luigi Capuana (1813–1915) scold Giovanni Verga (1840–1922). The realism of Deledda's fiction was regular direct descendant of their get something done.

In fact Deledda admired Verga so much that, toward character end of her career, conj at the time that she was awarded the Chemist Prize, she felt the Chemist committee had slighted him, elitist that he, not she, suitable the award. Among Deledda's pander to literary influences must be be a factor Nestor Alessandro Manzoni (1785–1873), influence first great Italian novelist; integrity decadent writer Ogo Tarchetti (1839–1869), and Antonio Fogazarro (1942–1911), behave whose work psychology and reason played an important role.

Deledda began writing at an early pad.

In about 1886 she submitted a short story, "Sangue Sardo" ("Sardinian Blood") to say publicly Rome fashion magazine Ultima Moda, which published the piece. Say publicly story is about a adore triangle involving a teenage woman, and when word got carry out that Deledda had written specified a tale neighbors in haunt conservative village scorned her trip even attacked her mother.

Therefore, from this point, if Deledda's work appeared in Sardinian erudite and political journals it was published under the pseudonyms Foggy. Razia and Ilia di Sant' Ismael.

Deledda continued to submit occupation to Ultima Moda and publicised her first short-story collection, Nell'azzurro, in 1890. By then say no to first novel, 1888's Memorie di Fernanda ("Recollections of Fernanda"), was being read and reviewed.

Joke quick succession followed the novels Stella d'oriente ("Star of magnanimity East"), 1890; Amore regale ("Regal Love") 1891; Amori fatali ("Fatal Loves"), 1892; and Fior di Sardegna ("The Flower of Sardinia"), 1892. Fior di Sardegna thankful Deledda famous, though her work—perhaps because it hit too hurried to home—was still shunned train in her native Sardinia.

Moved to Rome

It has been said that Deledda's fatalism sprang from the diary of her family.

Her elder sister, having become pregnant jump of wedlock, hemorrhaged to complete during a miscarriage, and give someone a jingle brother became a thief delighted a wastrel and the burden, disappointed by his failures importation an inventor, an alcoholic. Rank last blow was too such for Deledda's mother who sank into depression. Consequently, Deledda took charge of the family sudden.

This lasted until January addict 1900 when she married Palmiro Madesani. Deledda had met Madesani the previous fall on bitterness first trip away from residence, to Cagliari, the capital shambles Sardinia. Madesani was a urbane servant and after their matrimony he and Deledda lived hem in Rome.

In 1895 Deledda did check for, and contributed to, illustriousness scholarly publication Tradizioni popolari di Nuoro ("Popular Traditions of Nuoro"), a collection of the convention of her native area.

Depiction year before she had in print the novel Anime oneste ("Honest Souls"), a tale of duo brothers, one of whom unattended to Sardinia to study law dispatch returned with a sense goods unfulfilled entitlement, while the extra stayed behind and made sacrifices for his brother's benefit. Add on 1896 Deledda published La specify del male ("The Way position Evil"), which novelist Capuana pass away and praised highly.

Her in response works written in Sardinia were La giustizia ("Justice") and Le tentazoni, both published in 1899.

Moving to Rome, Deledda led go well of a dual life. Deft shy and retiring woman because of nature—the opposite of her uncontrolled siblings—she was both a wife dedicated to raising a stock and a successful writer. Until now sometimes these two roles clashed in the view of those who felt Deledda had not at any time shed her provincialism.

This was made clear when fellow Italian Luigi Pirandello penned the forbidden 1911 novel Suo marito ("Her Husband"), which satirized Deledda impressive Madesani. However, even Pirandello regretted his "joke," and was excavation on a revision 25 seniority later, near the end sharing his life.

Two Prolific Decades

In 1900 Deledda published Il vecchio della montagna ("The Old Man go along with the Mountain").

This was followed in 1902 by Dopo accost divozio (After the Divorce), reissued in 1920 as Naufraghi behave porto. The novel Deledda wise to be her breakthrough uncalledfor was Elias Portolú, published put in 1903. The popular book, translated into numerous European languages, fall to Deledda a measure of praise outside her own country.

Elias Portolú revolves around the Portolú family and the eponymous anti-hero who has returned to Sardegna from two years in house of correction for cattle rustling only kindhearted fall in love with climax brother's fiancée. The conflicts favoured Elias and the men why not? seeks out for advice categorize metaphors for the conflicts standing divisions of Sardinia at goodness turn of the twentieth 100.

The novel, as Deledda's fresh Joseph Spencer Kennard wrote dainty his 1906 study Italian Affair Writers "is an interesting bone up on of religious sentiment in description primitive minds of the Sardinians, and a careful analysis publicize the relation between the means of interpreting the Christian ethic and the patriarchal compactness spectacle the household."

Deledda produced her principal work between the years 1903 and 1920.

It was additionally her most prolific period, build up the body of work she produced places her more extraordinarily in the verismo tradition. She followed up Elias Portolú acquiesce the 1904 publication of Cenere ("Ashes"). This too was parts translated, affording Deledda a sloppy readership outside of Italy.

Detainee 1916 Cenere was made gap a film by Febo Mari, starring noted Italian stage entertainer Eleonora Duse (1858–1924). Cenere was Deledda's only novel that was made into a film coupled with, coincidentally, the film adaptation designate it was the only moving picture in which Duse appeared; she came out of loneliness to act in the vinyl, which was shot on voyage in Sardinia.

The novel Nostalgie ("Nostalgia") was published in 1905, high-mindedness same year its author obtainable her fifth collection of petite stories, I giuochi della vita ("The Gambles of Life").

Enjoy 1907 Deledda published L'ombra give passato ("Shadow of the Past") and the following year L'edera ("The Ivy"). In 1912 she collaborated with Camillo Antona-Traversi jump in before produce a dramatic version remark L'edera. This was Deledda's solitary foray into playwriting, although inlet 1904 she had authored nobility dramatic sketch Odio Vince ("Hate Wins") and in 1924 wrote another titled A sinistra ("To the Left").

In 1913 Deledda publicised Canne al vento ("Reeds be glad about the Wind"), considered among breather greatest novels.

It tells say publicly story of the three Pintor sisters, impoverished noble-women who instruct looked after and whose petite farm is tended by their devoted servant, Efix. For coronate own part, Efix has regular sin to atone: the carnage of the Pintor sisters' divine. Into this climate of stasis comes the sisters' ne'er-do-well nephew Giacinto, the son of natty fourth sister who fled foreigner her stifling family culture time before.

Giacinto brings chaos, adulterate, and change from the external world, penetrating the calm assess the insulated family and their acquaintances while Efix, as patroness, watches, powerless to help. Canne al vento shows clearly setting aside how Deledda combined strands of actuality and naturalism, in doing unexceptional portraying not only the give out of her time but their religious beliefs and practices likewise well as their mythic—if note pagan—superstitions.

During the years of Imitation War I (1914–1918) the before prolific Deledda published only one novels—Le cope altrui ("The Faults of Others"), 1914; Marianna Sirca, 1915; and L'incendio nell'oliveto ("The Fire in the Olive Grove"), 1918—and a collection of surgically remove stories released in 1915 in the same way Il fanciullo nascosto ("The Unobtrusive Boy").

In 1920 she loose La madre (The Mother; besides translated as The Woman advocate the Priest). In his introduction to the English-language translation rule La Madre, D. H. Martyr wrote that "the interest clod the book lies, not delight plot or characterization, but affluent the presentation of sheer native life." Deledda's story involves four individuals: a priest and influence young woman who falls deal love with him, and interpretation priest's mother.

It is position mother, from a different period, who must undergo the worst change in the book trip in the end make rectitude greatest sacrifice.

Honored by Nobel Prize

Deledda's novels of the 1920s involve Il segreto dell'uomo solitario ("The Secret of the Solitary Man"), 1921; Il dio dei viventi ("The God of the Living"), 1922; La danza della collana ("The Dance of the Necklace"), 1924; La fuga in Egitto ("The Flight into Egypt"), 1925; and Annalena Bilsini, 1927.

Deledda was honored with the 1926 Philanthropist Prize for Literature, becoming dignity second Italian to win magnanimity prize, after poet Giosuè Poet (1835–1907), and the second gal to win it following Town Lagerlöf (1858–1940).

Among her compatriots who were also nominated prowl year were D'Annunzio and scorer Guglielmo Ferrero. Pirandello would stand-in the award eight years posterior. Years later it was hinted that Deledda's winning the Like had to do with loftiness fact that her work was admired by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, but in fact she had been nominated many ancient previously, as early as 1913.

In keeping with her priggish nature Deledda delivered one pick up the check the briefest acceptance speeches show Nobel Prize history.

Deledda's publications fabric the 1930s included Il paese del vento ("Land of nobility Wind"), 1931; L'argine ("The Barrier"), 1934; Cosima, 1937; and grandeur 1939 short-story collection Il cedro di Libano ("The Cedar round Lebanon"), the last two publicized posthumously.

These works reflect righteousness autobiographical turn Deledda's fiction esoteric taken, none more so prevail over Cosima, whose protagonist suffers propagate breast cancer as did Deledda herself. Cosima was originally publicised in 1937 under the christen La chiesa della solitudine, which means "The Church of Solitude."

Deledda wrote poetry in her childhood, and throughout her adult vocation she wrote short fiction, publishhed 18 collections of stories choose by ballot all.

Among her other novels are Sino al confine ("Up to the Limit"), 1910; Nel deserto ("In the Desert"), 1911; and Colombi e sparvieri ("Doves and Falcons"), 1912. She mindnumbing in Rome on April 15, 1936, and was buried include Sardinia at the foot slope Monte Ortobene. A memorial religion, la Chiesa della Solitudine, which shares the name of collect last novel, was later show up at the burial site cranium Deledda's honor.

Books

Deledda, Grazia, Reeds hem in the Wind, translated by Martha King, Italica Press, 1999.

—, The Woman and the Priest, translated by M.

G. Steegman, preamble by D. H. Lawrence, Dedalus/Hippocrene, 1987.

Kennard, Joseph Spencer, Italian Declaration Writers, Brentano's, 1906.

Online

"Grazia Deledda-Autobiography," Philanthropist e-Museum, (December 3, 2003).

Hallgren, Anders, "Grazia Deledda: Voice of Sardinia," Nobel e-Museum, (December 3, 2003).